What compounds are soluble in water?
The types of compounds that are soluble in water include ionic compounds and polar compounds. Aliphatic and aromatic compounds are typically insoluble, but can be made more soluble with the addition of polar groups.
Which are the following compounds are soluble in water?
According to solubility rules, compounds containing alkali metal ions (such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) and the ammonium ion (NH4+) are soluble, as are compounds containing the nitrate ion (NO3-). Therefore, LiNO3, NH4Br, and KNO3 are soluble in water. Copper sulfide (CuS), however, is not generally soluble in water.
Which of the following compounds are soluble in water: i. AgNO3 ii. na3po4 iii. BaSO4?
AgNO3 – Silver nitrate is soluble in water because nitrates (NO3-) are generally soluble. NaCl – Sodium chloride is soluble as all compounds of sodium (Na+) are soluble. Other compounds on the list like BaSO4, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and AgCl are usually insoluble or sparingly soluble in water.
Which of the following compounds are water soluble: KI Na2SO4 AgCl Mg OH 2 NaNO3?
Final answer: KI, Na2SO4, and NaNO3 are water soluble, while AgCl and Mg(OH)2 have limited solubility or are insoluble.
Which are soluble in water?
The substances that dissolve completely are called soluble substances. In the given options, salt, sugar and lemon juice dissolve completely in water. Hence they are soluble substances. Whereas, hair oil does not dissolve in water.
Which compound is not soluble in water?
Most sulphides, oxides, carbonates, chromates, phosphates and hydroxides of metals are not soluble in water since the molecules do not easily form a bond with the water molecules. Salts of Copper, silver, mercury, lead with chlorides, Iodides and Bromides are also not soluble though there may be some exceptions.
Which of these substances are soluble in water?
Thus, sugar, vinegar and salt are the substances that dissolve in water.
What compound is a soluble base in water?
Soluble bases are alkalis. These are known as alkali. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) are the examples of this bases.
Is CaCO3 soluble in water?
Calcium carbonate appears as white, odorless powder or colorless crystals. Practically insoluble in water.
Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?
Final answer: The most soluble compound is Ethylene glycol.
How do you know which compound is soluble in water?
Water is a polar compound, and only “like dissolves like”. Meaning if the solute is a polar compound (in general, not intramolecular forces), then it will dissolve. You can determine the general polarity by identifying its molecular shape. If it’s symmetrical, it is non-polar.
Which compound has high solubility in water?
Among given compounds, ethylene glycol ( HO−CH2−CH2−OH ) is the most soluble in water. Ethylene glycol has two hydroxy groups both of which form hydrogen bonds with water. Greater is the number of hydrogen bonds, greater is the extent of hydrogen bonding and greater is the solubility in water.
What makes compounds soluble in water?
Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents, especially water. This occurs when the positive cation from the ionic solid is attracted to the negative end of the water molecule (oxygen) and the negative anion of the ionic solid is attracted to the positive end of the water molecule (hydrogen).
How to predict solubility of compounds?
Solubility is difficult to predict with confidence. The most reliable way to obtain a substance’s solubility is to look it up on a table of physical properties in a reference book.
How to read a solubility chart in chemistry?
The Solubility Table has two columns. The left column indicates substances that dissolve in water, denoted as soluble substances or (aq). The right column indicates substances that won’t dissolve in water, denoted as insoluble substances or (s).
Is K2SO4 soluble in water?
Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potash of sulfur, is the inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, a white water-soluble solid.
Which are all soluble in water?
All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble in water. 3. The chlorides, bromides, and iodides of all metals except lead, silver, and mercury(I) are soluble in water. HgI2 is insoluble in water.
What kind of substances are not soluble in water?
“Insoluble” generally means that a substance does not dissolve in water. Some examples include: sand, fats, wood, metals, and plastic.
Which of these is water soluble?
There are nine water-soluble vitamins: the B vitamins — folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 — and vitamin C.
What are water-soluble substances?
Soluble substances are those substances that completely dissolve in water or are entirely mixed in water throughout the solution. Insoluble substances are those substances that do not dissolve completely even after prolonged stirring. Sugar, Vinegar, and Common salt are examples of soluble substances.
Which of the following compounds is soluble in water?
The chlorides, bromides, and iodides of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba are ionic, have much lower lattice enthalpies and, hence, lower meltiing points than the fluorides, and are readily soluble in water.
Which ionic compound is not soluble in water?
Therefore, silver chloride is insoluble in water.
What compounds are always soluble?
It is useful to remember that all compounds containing Group I A ions are soluble. Also, all compounds containing the ammonium ion or the nitrate ion are soluble.
Which molecules can be soluble in water?
Polar molecules attract water molecules, mainly through hydrogen bonding. They compete successfully with hydrogen bonds between the water molecules, so they are readily soluble in water.
Are covalent compounds soluble in water?
Low Solubility Many covalent compounds are not soluble in water, which means that they do not dissolve well in water. B. Low Melting Points Less heat is needed to separate the molecules of covalent compounds, so these compounds have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds do.
Which ionic compounds are soluble in water?
What types of compounds are soluble in water?
How do you classify a compound soluble or insoluble?
Which molecule is soluble or insoluble?
Solubility: The “Like Dissolves Like” Rule
The key to understanding solubility is the “like dissolves like” rule. This means compounds with similar polarities are more likely to dissolve in each other.
Polar compounds are those that have a uneven distribution of electrons, creating a slightly positive and slightly negative end. Think of a magnet with a north and south pole!
Non-polar compounds have an even distribution of electrons. No fancy poles here.
Water, the universal solvent, is polar. It has a slightly positive side near the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative side near the oxygen atom. So, polar compounds, like sugars and salts, tend to be water-soluble. Non-polar compounds, like oils and fats, are more comfortable hanging out with their own kind, so they’re generally not soluble in water.
A Closer Look at Compound Types
To determine solubility, we need to break down common compound types.
Ionic Compounds: The Salt of the Earth
Ionic compounds are formed when a metal and a non-metal exchange electrons. The resulting ions (charged atoms) attract each other, forming a strong bond. Think of table salt (NaCl) as a classic example.
Here’s the deal with ionic compounds and water:
Generally soluble: Most ionic compounds are water-soluble. Water’s polarity can break apart the ionic bonds, allowing the ions to move freely in solution.
Exceptions: There are a few ionic compounds that are not very soluble in water. These are typically those with very strong ionic bonds, such as those involving calcium, barium, strontium, or silver.
Covalent Compounds: Sharing is Caring
Covalent compounds are formed when non-metals share electrons.
Here’s the lowdown on covalent compounds and water:
Polar covalent compounds: If the atoms in a covalent bond share electrons unequally, the compound will have a slight positive and negative end. These compounds, like sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁), are typically water-soluble.
Non-polar covalent compounds: When electrons are shared equally, the compound is non-polar. Think of oils and fats; they generally aren’t water-soluble.
The Big Picture: Solubility Rules
Let’s summarize our solubility rules:
Like dissolves like: Polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar compounds dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Ionic compounds: Generally water-soluble, with exceptions.
Covalent compounds: Solubility depends on their polarity. Polar covalent compounds are generally water-soluble; non-polar covalent compounds are generally not.
Examples: Putting It All Together
Now, let’s put this knowledge into action with some examples.
Compound | Type | Solubility in Water | Why?
——- | ——– | ——– | ——–
NaCl (table salt) | Ionic | Soluble | Ionic compounds generally dissolve in water.
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (sugar) | Polar covalent | Soluble | Polar covalent compounds dissolve in water.
C₈H₁₈ (octane) | Non-polar covalent | Not soluble | Non-polar compounds don’t mix well with polar water.
Think of it this way: Imagine trying to mix oil and water. They just don’t want to hang out. This is because oil is non-polar and water is polar.
Factors Influencing Solubility
Temperature: Increasing the temperature generally increases the solubility of solids and gases.
Pressure: Pressure affects the solubility of gases, with increased pressure leading to higher solubility.
Polarity: The “like dissolves like” rule is the guiding principle here.
What about Other Solvents?
We’ve been focusing on water, but other solvents are out there.
Acetone: A good solvent for non-polar compounds like fats and oils. It’s a common ingredient in nail polish remover.
Ethanol: A polar solvent that can dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds. That’s why it’s used in many household products, like hand sanitizer.
FAQs
Q: What does it mean for a compound to be “soluble” in water?
A: It means the compound dissolves in water, forming a homogeneous mixture (meaning the particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution).
Q: How can I tell if a compound is soluble in water without doing an experiment?
A: Use the “like dissolves like” rule and consider the compound’s type (ionic or covalent) and polarity.
Q: What are some real-world examples of solubility?
A: Salt dissolving in water to make a salty solution is a classic example. Sugar dissolving in your morning coffee is another. And, on a larger scale, the oceans are a giant solution of salt dissolved in water.
Q: Is there a way to make a non-polar compound soluble in water?
A: Sometimes! You can use a surfactant, which has both polar and non-polar ends. The polar end interacts with water, while the non-polar end interacts with the non-polar compound, allowing it to dissolve. Soap and detergent are great examples of surfactants!
Q: Is solubility important in everyday life?
A: Absolutely! Solubility plays a critical role in everything from cooking and cleaning to medicine and environmental science. Think about how we use soap to dissolve grease and dirt. Or how our bodies use water to transport nutrients and remove waste products.
Q: Can I learn more about solubility?
A: Yes, there are tons of resources available online and in libraries. You can also explore chemistry textbooks or online courses to delve deeper into this fascinating topic.
I hope this article has helped you unravel the mysteries of solubility! Remember, understanding this concept is key to making sense of the world around us. So, next time you stir sugar into your coffee or watch oil and water separate, think about the chemistry behind it all!
See more here: Which Are The Following Compounds Are Soluble In Water? | Which Of These Compounds Are Soluble In Water
9.1: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility: Compounds
Classify each compound as soluble or insoluble. Zn(NO 3) 2; PbBr 2; Sr 3 (PO 4) 2; Solution. All nitrates are soluble in water so Zn(NO 3) 2 is soluble. All bromides are soluble in water, except those combined with Pb 2 + so PbBr 2 is insoluble. All Chemistry LibreTexts
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Link to this article: which of these compounds are soluble in water.
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